Your Guide for Calving Season

A well-prepared supplies list may include gloves, lubricant, and other calving accessories. Having supplies ready helps ensure safer deliveries and quicker response when assistance is needed.

Calving season typically occurs in late winter through early spring, though some farms plan for fall calving.

A cow that is close to calving will show signs of udder filling, relaxed ligaments near the tail head, swelling of the vulva, and behavioral changes such as isolation or restlessness. Monitoring cows closely during this time and having calving tools ready is essential.

Ear tagging calves happens shortly after birth or within the first few days of life. Early identification supports record keeping and herd management, especially during calving season.

Calves typically receive vaccines for respiratory and clostridial diseases, depending on herd health plans and veterinary recommendations. Timing varies, but many calves are vaccinated within the first few months of life. Clean handling helps reduce disease risk early on.

Newborn calves consume about 10% of their body weight per day in milk or milk replacer, split into multiple feedings. Adequate nutrition supports healthy growth and immune development.

Electrolytes are typically given during times of stress, illness, or scours. They may be fed once or twice daily between milk feedings, depending on the calf’s condition. Electrolytes should supplement—not replace—milk unless directed by a veterinarian.

Calves are typically weaned gradually by reducing milk feedings while increasing solid feed intake. Successful weaning depends on consistent nutrition, clean water access, and minimizing stress.

Creep feeding often begins around 2–4 months of age, depending on forage availability and herd goals. Introducing feed early helps calves transition smoothly during weaning and supports steady growth.

After calf starter, calves transition to grower feed combined with quality forage. This gradual shift supports rumen development and prepares calves for long-term feeding programs.

After weaning, calves should be fed high-quality forage, balanced grower feed, and free-choice minerals. Proper nutrition during this stage supports healthy weight gain and long-term performance.

Calves should be kept dry, sheltered from drafts, and given proper bedding in cold weather. During harsh conditions, added wind protection can help maintain body temperature.

Deworming schedules vary by region, pasture conditions, and veterinary guidance. Many producers deworm calves once or twice per year as part of an overall herd health plan.

To protect calves from predators, use secure fencing, calve close to barns or well-lit areas, and monitor cows closely during calving season.